All three areas have functional connectivity to different parcellations of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. Temporal area 1 anterior (TE1a), middle (TE1m) and posterior (TE1p) are found in the MTG. Each part of the STS has different levels of activation depending on the particular function. It has also been related to the theory of mind. STS has numerous functions, including motion, speech and facial processing, language comprehension and audiovisual integration. STSdp does not have structural connectivity to MdLF. Meanwhile, it has white matter connections (structural connectivity) to arcuate/superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), the "u" fibers of the occipitotemporal system and middle longitudinal fasciculus (MdLF). Teva has additional functional connectivity to the hippocampus. The four parts of the STS have functional connectivity to different parcellations of the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobes and insula opercular area. The superior temporal sulcus (STS) has four parts: STS dorsal anterior (STSda), STS dorsal posterior (STSdp), STS ventral anterior (STSva) and STS ventral posterior (STSvp). Functionally and structurally, it appears that its parcellations cluster into two: superior cluster, whose fibers end in the posterior inferior frontal gyrus, include STS and TE1a inferior cluster, whose fibers end in superior parts of the frontal lobe, includes TE1m, TE1p, TE2a, PHT. It is notable that the lateral and medial structures do not have connections as the anatomy of white matter runs anterior-posterior more than medial-lateral. HCP categorizes association cortices, auditory area 4 (A4) and auditory area 5 (A5), and temporal region A (TA2) found in STG in the insula and opercular cortex. Medial: for memory and visuospatial processing, hippocampus and cingulate system Based on previous studies, major association fiber tracts has been identified: However, it has been reorganized into a new scheme due to a lack of basis on its functional or organizational anatomy. The temporal lobe can be divided through its traditional Broadmann's area or simply by the superior, middle and inferior temporal gyrus (STG, MTG, ITG, respectively), parahippocampal/entorhinal gyri and fusiform gyrus. The rest were redefined or subdivided further into more specific areas (e.g. Of the 47 Brodmann's areas, only 23 were retained. However, due to advances in technology and recent studies, the Human Connectome Project (HCP) was able to discover 180 parcellations of the human cortex. īrodmann's area has clearly defined 47 areas. Hence, in order to see the whole picture, structure, connections, and functions must be correlated. On the other hand, without understanding function, connections of structures are useless. Localizationism does not always correspond to predictions of functions. The idea that certain parts of the brain perform certain functions is called localizationism. In order to fully comprehend the temporal lobe, it is best to analyze it also through its functional connectivity, not just its gross structure.